The structure spans the Tumen River and has been cast by both sides as an important milestone in their deepening strategic partnership.
The first flag-adorned trucks trundled across the 1km long two-lane bridge as Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin and North Korea's Premier Pak Thae-song tuned in by video link to address workers and government officials.
Construction of the bridge, which had been under discussion for years, began in April last year after the project was agreed during a visit by Russia's President Vladimir Putin to North Korea in 2024.
There are already direct air and rail links between Moscow and Pyongyang, but until Monday there had not been a proper road link.
Instead, since 1959 and by special arrangement, planks had been placed on the nearby rail bridge - for decades the sole border crossing point - in order to move vehicles across the border.
"I am convinced that the expansion of cross-border transport infrastructure will provide a powerful impetus for the further development of trade, economic, scientific, technological and cultural cooperation," said Mishustin, who said ties between Moscow and Pyongyang were "at an unprecedented high level".
The construction of the bridge was not merely an engineering project, he said, but "a new symbol of friendship".
Mishustin said up to 300 vehicles would be able to cross every day and that the bridge would be linked to Russia's federal road network and have easy access to the transport corridor which runs from the far eastern city of Vladivostok to St Petersburg.
Trucks would begin to use the bridge immediately to transport cargo, the Russian government said.
By the end of this year, the bridge is expected to be fully operational and could also be used for passenger traffic.
The bridge was built near an existing 'Friendship Bridge', a rail link which was commissioned in 1959 after the Korean War.
Symbolically, the new bridge is named after Yakov Novichenko, a Red Army soldier who Pyongyang credits with protecting the life of North Korea's first leader Kim Il Sung in 1946 by intercepting a grenade thrown at him.
Ties between the two countries have grown stronger since the start of the war in Ukraine in 2022, with Pyongyang sending thousands of troops to Russia's Kursk region to help repel a 2024 Ukrainian incursion there.
Mishustin made a reference to that in his speech on Monday, referring to "the Korean heroes who, only recently, fought shoulder to shoulder with our soldiers and defended Russian soil".
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