The Republican US president filed his appeal after a federal judge threw out the case and imposed nearly $US1 million in sanctions against Trump and one of his lawyers for bringing a "frivolous" suit.
A US appeals court subsequently upheld the dismissal and sanctions.
Trump's lawyers wrote in the appeal that Supreme Court review of the case is needed in order to protect the presidency.
They wrote the decisions by the lower courts reflect "a deeply troubling trend of federal courts using sanctions and disciplinary threats to punish the president and his lawyers for legitimate legal positions that those courts (erroneously) reject."
In 2022, when he was out of office after losing the 2020 US election, Trump sued Clinton, Comey, former British intelligence officer Christopher Steele, the Democratic National Committee and numerous others in a lengthy complaint filed in federal court in Florida.
Trump, who has a history of suing adversaries, alleged that in the lead-up to the 2016 election, Clinton conspired with allies to discredit him with a "false narrative" that he and his campaign colluded with Russia. The lengthy suit alleged "racketeering" and a "conspiracy to commit injurious falsehood," among other claims.
Trump defeated Clinton in that election, despite losing the national popular vote, and served his first term in office from 2017 to 2021.
US government officials have accused Russia of meddling in the 2016 election, and an investigation led by former FBI chief Robert Mueller documented extensive contacts between members of the Trump campaign and Russian operatives who sought to influence the election in his favour. Trump has called the idea of Russian interference a "hoax."
Since losing to Democrat Joe Biden in 2020, Trump has made false claims of widespread voting fraud in that year's election. Trump regained the presidency by defeating Democrat Kamala Harris in 2024, and has continued to make those false claims.
US District Judge Donald Middlebrooks dismissed Trump's lawsuit against Clinton, citing numerous inadequacies, including that Trump waited too long to bring some of the claims. The judge likened Trump's lawsuit to a "two-hundred-page political manifesto outlining his grievances against those that have opposed him."
Middlebrooks later ordered Trump and his lead attorney in the case, Alina Habba, to pay nearly $US1 million in fees and costs and imposed the sanctions for bringing a case the judge said was intended "to dishonestly advance a political narrative."
The judge also faulted Trump and his lawyers for a "continuing pattern of misuse of the courts."
Middlebrooks found the lawsuit used abusive litigation tactics, contained "knowingly false" factual allegations and asserted "frivolous" legal theories.
The Atlanta-based 11th US Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the judge's rulings in 2025, including the sanctions.
In Friday's filing, lawyers for Trump and Habba said the time limit for filing the lawsuit should have been extended because he chose to defer suing during his first term in office in order to carry out his constitutional responsibilities as president.
"This court's intervention is necessary to protect the presidency, and to prevent judicial disagreement from becoming a licence to punish its advocates," the filing stated.
