Prime Minister Anthony Albanese met with his Dutch counterpart Rob Jetten on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York on Thursday, Australian time.
As part of the partnership, the two countries will work more closely on security issues, economics and trade, as well as further support to Ukraine against Russia's invasion.
"The world has become more volatile, more contested and less secure. In this geopolitical environment, it is more important than ever that like-minded partners stand together and deepen their cooperation," a readout of the meeting said.
"Australia and the Netherlands recognise the need to continue investing in our close cooperation to meet current and future challenges."
The partnership will involve more regular exchanges between the two countries at a ministerial level, as well as between both prime ministers.
Australia and the Netherlands will also step up security cooperation and share more information on issues such as regional safety and arms control.
The two countries also promised to uphold efforts to pursue justice for the victims of the downing of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17.
The flight, which departed from Amsterdam, was downed by a Russian missile in 2014 and killed all 298 passengers and crew on board, including 38 Australians.
"Australia and the Netherlands remain resolute in their commitment to pursuing truth, justice and accountability on behalf of the victims of the downing of MH17 and their next of kin," the statement said.
Australia used its last two-year stint on the UN Security Council to pursue investigations into the downing of the flight.
Mr Albanese has pointed to that action as how Australia could benefit from a spot on the council, as it pursues another bid for a non-permanent seat for 2029 and 2030.
Economic ties with the Dutch will also be expanded through the agreement, off the back of Australia and the European Union signing a free-trade agreement.
"The free-trade agreement will further deepen bilateral trade, investment and innovation links," the statement said.
"We will also promote economic resilience, including working together to support regional economic resilience."
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