Harry Maguire, Adam Wharton, Morgan Gibbs-White and Luke Shaw are others overlooked for the summer as Sir Gareth Southgate's successor made an eye-catching first tournament selection.
Ollie Watkins and, most surprisingly, Ivan Toney earned recalls, but it is England's World Cup absentees and the leaks on the eve of Friday's announcement that provide the biggest talking points.
Furious Maguire took to social media to say he was "shocked and gutted" to miss out on a squad Tuchel told players about on Thursday, with the steady creep of information allowing onlookers to piece together the squad in advance.
Foden and Palmer were the most high-profile absentees but have had below-par club campaigns with Manchester City and Chelsea respectively, plus face tough competition in their area of the field.
Real Madrid right-back Alexander-Arnold was another bold omission, albeit a more predictable one having not won a cap since last summer.
"(They were) difficult phone calls because I respect all of them. I respect them as players, as personalities," Tuchel said of the overlooked players.
"To reduce it was difficult, sometimes painfully difficult. Even in the phone calls, I felt the emotion.
"I called all players that were in camp with us at least one time. I wanted to show at least the appreciation and the respect for what they have done."
Watkins and Toney make a return as back-ups to England captain Harry Kane having fulfilled that role successfully at Euro 2024.
The former has scored 10 times for Aston Villa since being left out of March's meet up and the latter's free-scoring spell in Saudi Arabia with Al-Ahli has led to a surprising return.
Tuchel has only called-up Toney once since taking charge, with his only cap coming as an 88th-minute substitute in last June's friendly defeat to Senegal.
Tino Livramento has been selected despite missing the past month with a thigh issue, while similarly versatile full-back Djed Spence has been included despite reportedly breaking his jaw on Tuesday.
"It's hard to please (everyone) and in the end we have to pick the squad that we as a staff are convinced (by) and that we love and really believe (in)," Tuchel added.
England kick-off Group L against Croatia in Dallas on June 17, before playing Ghana on June 23 and Panama on June 27.
ENGLAND'S WORLD CUP SQUAD:
* Goalkeepers: Dean Henderson (Crystal Palace), Jordan Pickford (Everton), James Trafford (Manchester City)
* Defenders: Dan Burn (Newcastle United), Marc Guehi (Manchester City), Reece James (Chelsea), Ezri Konsa (Aston Villa), Tino Livramento (Newcastle United), Nico O'Reilly (Manchester City), Jarell Quansah (Bayer Leverkusen), Djed Spence (Tottenham), John Stones (Manchester City)
* Midfielders: Elliot Anderson (Nottingham Forest), Jude Bellingham (Real Madrid), Eberechi Eze (Arsenal), Jordan Henderson (Brentford), Kobbie Mainoo (Manchester United), Declan Rice (Arsenal), Morgan Rogers (Aston Villa)
* Forwards: Anthony Gordon (Newcastle United), Harry Kane (Bayern Munich), Noni Madueke (Arsenal), Marcus Rashford (Barcelona, on loan from Manchester United), Bukayo Saka (Arsenal), Ivan Toney (Al-Ahli), Ollie Watkins (Aston Villa).
11°C